Highlights

• China's Northern Rare Earth is investing in a major Phase II 'green smelting upgrade' project to expand rare earth processing capabilities.
• The project focuses on modernizing midstream refining and separation stages.
• Reinforces China's strategic control of the global rare earth supply chain.
• Phase II aims to:
  • Increase efficiency.
  • Improve environmental practices.
  • Strengthen output of medium and heavy rare earth elements.

Northern Rare Earth (NRE), the Baogang-controlled giant, is accelerating Phase II of its “green smelting upgrade” project (opens in a new tab)—described in China as the largest and most advanced investment in the country’s rare earth industry to date. On-site, more than 300 workers are pushing toward a year-end milestone to fully enclose the main plant buildings, while steel frames for key facilities—the Conversion-Extraction (Workshop B), the Medium/Heavy REE Extraction Workshop, and the SEG Extraction & Separation Workshop, plus Post-Processing Workshop B—are already up. Phase I has been operating for nearly a year; Phase II launched in July 2025 and is designed to expand and modernize smelting and separation throughput, with an emphasis on medium and heavy rare earths.

According to a Rare Earth Exchanges (REEx) translation, management says Phase II benefits from Phase I lessons: tighter project governance, quality control, safety, and environmental practices; stricter site access and joint supervision to coordinate multiple contractors; and targeted design optimizations to the main-plant structure, equipment layout, and process flow. The site has been reconfigured with wider, flatter roads and physically separated construction and production zones, setting up smoother winter construction and faster equipment installation once buildings are sealed.

Why Newsworthy?

China isn’t just expanding rare earth mining—it’s upgrading the industrial heart of its supply chain. The country is pouring capital into the midstream, the refining and separation stages that turn mined concentrates into usable rare earth oxides. This is the crucial choke point that gives Beijing unmatched control over global magnet materials. By modernizing and greening these refining facilities, China isn’t merely adding capacity—it’s fortifying the strategic core of its rare earth dominance and widening the technological gap between its vertically integrated system and the fragmented Western supply chain still trying to catch up.

So their aim and the message they seek to promulgate are to scale extraction and separation capacity, particularly for medium/heavy REEs (and SEG—samarium, europium, gadolinium—streams). The company seeks to reinforce China’s position across magnet-grade and specialty oxide supply. For Western buyers, more efficient Chinese separation lines can shape global availability, costs, and contract terms, especially in components where non-China options remain thin. If Phase II hits schedule and performance targets, expect tighter technical integration, higher yields, and potentially stronger pricing power from China’s largest REE processor.

A REEx Takeaway

NRE’s Phase II smelting/separation build—already framing its core workshops—is sprinting to a year-end enclosure target, positioning the company to lift medium/heavy REE output after Phase I’s first year online.

Source: Baogang Daily (a media outlet belonging to a state-owned conglomerate). This report originates from a state-owned entity’s publication and should be independently verified before forming business or investment conclusions.

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