Rare Earth Exchanges

The Realities of Rare Earth Mining in 2025

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Highlights

  • Jack Lifton challenges sensational claims about rare earth discoveries, emphasizing the difference between potential discoveries and economically viable deposits.
  • The article critically examines Western efforts to challenge China’s rare earth mining monopoly, highlighting the complexities of downstream projects.
  • Key questions emerge about government involvement, technological innovation, and strategic partnerships in developing a sustainable critical minerals supply chain.

Jack Lifton’s Critical Minerals & Rare Earths article takes aim at recent sensational claims of “largest” rare earth discoveries, such as those in Wyoming, Sweden, and Greenland. Lifton argues that these announcements often blur the distinction between “discoveries” and viable “deposits,” the latter requiring proven economic profitability. He dismisses such narratives as promotional hype, emphasizing that successful mining operations hinge on accessibility, cost-effective infrastructure, and current processing technologies. Greenland’s rare earths, laden with radioactive thorium and uranium, exemplify the hurdles, with local politics and high processing costs blocking progress.

The author writing for InvestorNews (opens in a new tab) underscores China’s dominance in rare earth mining, highlighting the limitations of Western efforts to challenge Beijing’s monopoly.  The author critiques the mining industry’s trend toward “downstream” projects, like magnet production, as overly ambitious, warning that such ventures demand steep expertise, complex supply chains, and significant capital, often exceeding the capabilities of inexperienced firms. Instead, Lifton advocates focusing on viable projects in North and South America, regions with more favorable economic and political conditions.  Rare Earth Exchanges can’t disagree with the author’s key points.

However, Lifton’s critique assumes that profitability is the sole benchmark for mining viability, overlooking exploratory efforts that could yield long-term benefits. The role of the state as a long-term supporter may be necessary if places like America compete with China downstream.

The author dismisses the potential for technological advances to lower costs or resolve current barriers, sidesteps growing environmental concerns, and avoids addressing national security considerations that might justify less profitable projects to reduce reliance on China.  Again, Rare Earth Exchanges has gone on the record that state subsidization is necessary should a trade war break out.

Does Lifton discount the value of partnerships between governments, academia, and industry to foster innovation in rare earth extraction and processing?

Based on this interesting article and a mounting crisis in the rare earth supply chain space, Rare Earth Exchanges shares some critical questions.

  1. Can Western nations realistically reduce their dependency on China without significant innovation collaboration or even massive state subsidies?
  2. How should rare earth mining balance environmental, economic, and political demands?
  3. Is downstream integration always impractical, or can strategic partnerships bridge the gap? What about the state entering the picture on an emergency basis? Think Operation Warp Speed, but only for critical minerals.
  4. What role should governments play in subsidizing or supporting rare earth ventures, even in less accessible regions?

Conclusion

Lifton’s hard-nosed critique challenges the industry’s penchant for hype and urges a focus on economic realism. While his emphasis on feasibility is, of course, valid, the article leaves critical questions unanswered about how innovation, sustainability, and geopolitics could reshape the rare earth sector.  Not to mention a more active state in places like America. As demand for critical minerals grows, addressing these issues will be key to building a resilient and sustainable rare earth supply chain.

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