Highlights

• China weaponizes rare earth magnet supply chain, disrupting global industries by controlling critical manufacturing infrastructure.
• U.S.-China trade tensions reveal systemic dependency on Chinese rare earth processing and magnet production capabilities.
• Western nations face urgent need to invest in midstream and downstream rare earth manufacturing to ensure technological and strategic resilience.

In a hard-hitting June 11th article (opens in a new tab), Bloomberg’s Martin Ritchie, Alberto Nardelli, and Laura Curtis reveal the strategic inflection point in the ongoing U.S.-China trade war: rare earth magnets. While the Trump administration ramped up tariffs to 145% in an effort to pressure Beijing on trade deficits and manufacturing, China struck where it hurts most—by choking off the global supply of neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets.

From the Rare Earth Exchanges (REEx) perspective, Bloomberg gets it right: rare earths are not just about mining—they’re about systems-level leverage. China didn’t just dominate rare earth mining; it built the processing, alloying, and magnet-making infrastructure the rest of the world ignored. This is not a simple commodities issue—it's an industrial vulnerability with military, energy, and tech implications.

What Bloomberg captures is the asymmetry of dependency: while the U.S. can tax Chinese goods, it can’t replace Chinese rare earth magnets overnight. These magnets power everything from EV motors to missile guidance systems. When China turned off the tap, Western industries stalled, proving this is not a theoretical threat, but a supply-side reality. 

Since the inception of REEx last October, we have warned that focusing only on upstream exploration without building out midstream and downstream capabilities—like what Australian Strategic Materials is working on in South Korea, or MP Materials is doing in the United States, or Arafura’s deal making Down Under—is a recipe for strategic failure. Bloomberg’s reporting helps to validate this systems-based view.

In short, China exposed the West’s blind spot—and unless G7 nations rapidly invest in processing, refining, and magnet manufacturing, they’ll face the same crisis again, only worse. REEx has called for an industrial policy. But are mid-term elections more important than long-term resilience?  Will President Trump do what is right vs. what is politically expedient?

Bloomberg’s analysis is a wake-up call. The era of rare earth complacency is over.  See Rare Earth Exchanges Forum (opens in a new tab) to discuss.