Highlights

• China controls 85-95% of global rare earth mining and refining, using export licenses as a strategic trade tool.
• European manufacturers face export license bottlenecks, with only a fraction of applications resolved despite July summit agreements.
• Long-term strategy focuses on diversification through recycling, substitution, and developing domestic rare earth refining capacity.

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Singapore-based The Business Times reports that despite a July “mechanism” supposedly easing Chinese exports of rare earths to Europe, the European Union Chamber of Commerce in China warns bottlenecks remain. President Jens Eskelund cited over 140 member company applications for export licenses, with only a fraction resolved. That directly contradicts the optics of July’s summit, where EU leaders presented the issue as defused. The accurate takeaway: China’s new export license regime, in place since April, is still delaying shipments.

The Known Facts: China’s Leverage Is Real

The article repeats the widely accepted data—China controls roughly 85% of global rare earth mining and up to 95% of refining. That dominance isn’t disputed. The piece also correctly notes that Beijing has used rare earths before as bargaining chips in trade disputes. Pair this with Washington’s renewed tariff war, and the picture is one of leverage more than scarcity.

What’s Missing: Scale and Alternatives

While the reporting highlights SME pain, it omits scale. Large European manufacturers with diversified sourcing—Siemens Gamesa, Volkswagen, or wind/EV supply chains—are better insulated. Recycling, substitution, and nascent European projects (Norway’s REEtec, France’s Solvay, Estonia’s Silmet) go unmentioned. This leaves the impression Europe is entirely at China’s mercy, which isn’t fully accurate. Vulnerable, yes; helpless, no.

The lobby’s annual position paper is quoted uncritically. The Chamber naturally amplifies the hardships of its 1,600 members to pressure Beijing for relief and Brussels for subsidies. That doesn’t make the data false, but it does tilt the narrative toward urgency and dependency without weighing Europe’s mid-term diversification moves. Investors should recognize this as advocacy, not neutral analysis.

Why It Matters for the Supply Chain

For rare earth investors, the key signal is this: export licenses remain a choke point. That means supply-chain risk premiums stay high for European manufacturers and their suppliers. Expect further policy pushes from Brussels to fund domestic refining capacity and strategic stockpiles. For China, this episode reinforces its position as gatekeeper—a role it is unlikely to loosen, especially in a trade war climate.

Bottom Line: The Business Times accurately surfaces ongoing disruptions but frames them through the lens of a business lobby seeking leverage. Europe’s dependency is real, but the long-term story is about diversification—not permanent paralysis.

Source: The Business Times (opens in a new tab), Sept. 17, 2025.

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