Highlights

• Vial and Ormerod propose a hybrid recycling model combining virgin alloy and carefully controlled recycled content to optimize magnet quality and sustainability.
• Current reindustrialization strategies risk technical shortcomings, particularly in unproven short-loop recycling methods that could degrade magnetic performance.
• The white paper advocates for a technically rigorous roadmap to counter China's dominance in rare earth magnets, emphasizing skilled leadership and quality-first processes.

In a compelling white paper titled “Reindustrializing Neodymium-Iron-Boron Magnets: A Strategic and Technical Imperative (opens in a new tab),” Dr. Fernand Vial (opens in a new tab) (France) and Dr. John Ormerod (opens in a new tab) (USA)—internationally recognized experts in rare earth permanent magnets—warn that efforts to recycle and domesticate production of high-performance NdFeB magnets must avoid technical shortcuts that could undermine industrial quality and competitiveness.

The authors argue that while the push toward reindustrializing magnet production in the U.S. and Europe is strategically sound, particularly to counter China’s dominance in this sector, it must be rooted in deep expertise, rigorous manufacturing controls, and nuanced recycling approaches. Specifically, they draw a stark distinction between “long-loop” recycling (recovering rare earth oxides and re-alloying) and “short-loop” recycling (grinding and reusing old magnets), emphasizing that the latter risks degrading magnetic performance due to uncontrolled variability in composition and microstructure.

Vial and Ormerod propose a hybrid model as the most viable path forward, combining virgin alloy material with carefully controlled quantities of recycled content. This middle ground, they say, optimizes both quality and sustainability, while enabling competitive pricing and scalability for demanding applications in automotive, robotics, and renewable energy sectors. They further warn that aggressive use of poorly characterized recycled powders could raise costs and produce unreliable magnets, especially in safety-critical environments.

As objective critics, they highlight several omissions and risks in current reindustrialization strategies: a lack of defined quality standards for recycled magnet feedstock, underestimation of the technical complexity involved in producing sintered NdFeB magnets, and potential overreliance on unproven short-loop methods. The white paper presents a sobering counterpoint to the political enthusiasm surrounding recycling, cautioning that premature scale-up could fail without skilled technical leadership and a commitment to quality-first processes.

With nearly four decades of front-line experience, the authors call on policymakers, industry leaders, and researchers to adopt a deliberate and technically sound roadmap—one that honors the material’s complexity and stakes a claim to Western industrial sovereignty not by slogans, but by standards.