From Scarcity to Strategy: Modeling Rare Earth Weaponization with AI–$100b Investment Needed?

Highlights

• AI-powered modeling demonstrates how a six-month disruption of Chinese rare earth exports could cause 62% capability degradation in military platforms like the F-35.
• Research suggests potential $100 billion investment needed to prevent non-kinetic strategic collapse of U.S. military infrastructure.
• Study introduces a new framework for understanding rare earths as geopolitical weapons, with potential implications for national security and global resource diplomacy.

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In a groundbreaking collaboration sparked by a structured interview with Rare Earth Exchanges Co-founder and CEO Daniel O’Connor (opens in a new tab), researcher Dr. Wei Meng delivers one of the most advanced strategic modeling frameworks ever published on rare earth supply disruption. Titled Expert Insight-Based Modeling of Non-Kinetic Strategic Deterrence of Rare Earth Supply Disruption, the paper introduces a powerful new lens for understanding rare earths not merely as industrial inputs but as tools of “non-kinetic strategic weaponization.”

Troubling Findings

At its core, the paper builds a layered system—REG-CAP—connecting Resource, Equipment, Generation, and Combat Capability nodes. Using artificial intelligence (graph neural networks and LSTM time series simulation), Meng simulates how supply chain disruption cascades through U.S. military infrastructure—revealing predictable “collapse windows” and Security Critical Zones (SCZs).

The findings: a six-month cutoff of Chinese rare earth exports could lead to 62% capability degradation in platforms like the F-35, including ISR and long-range strike. Even more alarming, the paper maps “invisible fractures” between key platforms and strategic outcomes, with synchronized capability failures likely in as little as 1.8 to 6 years post-supply disruption.

The paper’s key contribution is not simply alarm—it’s quantification. Using real-world data and variable translation from interview dialogue, Meng creates models that can be used to simulate, forecast, and even time interventions. Policymakers can identify the optimal “Latency Window” for either deploying reserves or pre-empting degradation. Strategic deterrence here is institutionalized, AI-modeled, and tempo-controlled—defining a new era of what Meng calls “digital Cold War architecture.”

Constraints to Consider

However, limitations remain. While methodologically rigorous, the model is largely based on expert interviews and scenario simulation, not real-time empirical data. It lacks robust integration of external inputs like public policy signals, battlefield data, or real-world procurement and substitution rates. Also missing is inter-allied complexity: How would NATO resilience, for instance, affect cascading degradation?

The paper needs to be peer reviewed and published as well.

So What are Implications?

If Meng’s model proves directionally correct, the U.S. military is entering a high-risk window. Without massive investment—estimated by Meng at $100 billion—America’s warfighting edge could collapse non-kinetically through supply attrition. This has enormous consequences for resource diplomacy, alliance strategy, and industrial planning.

Meng’s modeling also provides a toolkit other nations could adapt: India, Japan, and EU states could use similar simulations to assess their exposure and harden supply routes. Meanwhile, China’s ability to institutionalize its chokehold—embedding it in export licensing, tech review, and global supply scoring—could give it unmatched leverage in future conflicts.

Key REEx Questions for Investors and Policymakers:

1. Can Meng’s collapse windows be integrated into U.S. Department of Defense procurement and stockpile planning?
2. Should rare earth supply disruption be treated as a national security event with corresponding legal and financial preparedness?
3. How might other nations adapt this AI framework to their own critical mineral vulnerabilities?
4. Can Meng’s methodology scale beyond rare earths—to semiconductors, battery materials, or pharmaceuticals?
5. How can the Trump administration embrace industrial policy to mitigate risks?

Conclusion

Dr. Wei Meng’s work, catalyzed by REEx’s Daniel O’Connor, represents a leap in strategic deterrence thinking. This paper is more than theory—it’s a digital doctrine. Rare earths are now programmable geopolitical weapons. The question is no longer whether supply chain warfare is possible. The question is: who will master its timing?