Highlights
- UNDP economist Maxwell Gomera calls for Africa to move beyond foreign aid by fully controlling its vast mineral wealth crucial to global clean energy transition.
- Africa possesses 70% of global cobalt, 75% of platinum, and significant rare earth reserves.
- Africa captures minimal economic value from these resources.
- The continent must invest in:
- Processing capacity
- Regional R&D hubs
- High-tech economic zones
- These investments aim to transform mineral potential into sustainable prosperity.
In a passionate Al Jazeera opinion editorial dated April 12, 2025, Maxwell Gomera—a respected UNDP representative and resource economist—calls for a radical shift in Africa’s development model: from reliance on foreign aid to full control of its vast mineral wealth. The continent, he argues, is sitting atop the raw materials that power the global clean energy transition, yet remains stuck in a colonial-era pattern of exporting unprocessed commodities while importing finished goods at a premium.
Gomera’s thesis via the Qatar-funded media is clear: Africa doesn’t need more aid; it needs mineral sovereignty and industrial capacity. He cites hard numbers—70% of the world’s cobalt from the DRC, 75% of platinum and 50% of palladium from South Africa, and significant graphite, rare earth, and caesium reserves across the continent. These critical minerals are essential to everything from EV batteries to 5G networks. Yet, African economies capture only a fraction of the value due to the lack of local refining, manufacturing, and downstream industry.
He urges African nations to invest in processing capacity, regional R&D hubs, and high-tech special economic zones—proposing initiatives like a Southern African battery alliance or East African rare earth consortium. Gomera points to China’s $58 billion in strategic mineral investments as proof that control of the value chain, not mere ownership of resources, defines global power in the 21st century.
But Is Vision Enough?
While Gomera’s argument is compelling, it remains largely aspirational. Calls for “political will” and “investment in expertise” are not new. Infrastructure, governance, and access to capital remain significant barriers. His editorial does not fully grapple with entrenched structural challenges—corruption, regulatory uncertainty, and foreign corporate influence—that have historically hindered beneficiation and industrialization efforts. Nor does it address the harsh geopolitical realities: many African nations lack the leverage, unity, or internal stability to rebalance the global minerals trade unilaterally.
Moreover, the shift from aid to autonomy cannot happen overnight. As Gomera notes, the recent U.S. aid freeze under the Trump administration has already jeopardized critical services across the continent—from HIV treatment to food security. Until mineral value chains are built and revenues are restructured, African nations may be caught in a dangerous limbo: squeezed between dwindling foreign assistance and incomplete industrial transition.
Environmental and social risks also loom. Gomera advocates for African-led sustainability standards, but the actual enforcement capacity in many mining jurisdictions remains weak. A resource-driven model without robust governance could replicate the same extractive abuses—this time under local flags.
The Bottom Line
Maxwell Gomera’s editorial is a bold call for self-reliance and economic justice in Africa’s critical mineral sector. It demands attention—and action. But if Africa is to capture the value of its mineral wealth, rhetoric truly must meet reality. Visionary leadership is vital, but so too are technical execution, regulatory reform, transparent partnerships, and regional alignment. Without these, the dream of turning Africa’s minerals into sustainable prosperity risks becoming yet another missed opportunity in the resource curse playbook.
Rare Earth Exchanges will continue tracking whether this push for mineral sovereignty evolves into real-world policy—and whether Africa can rewrite the rules of the global clean energy game on its own terms.
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