Highlights

• U.S. government agencies are actively financing and supporting African mining and processing projects to diversify global critical mineral supply chains.
• Diplomatic and private sector initiatives aim to secure access to essential minerals like cobalt, lithium, graphite, and nickel across multiple African countries.
• Bipartisan efforts from Trump and Biden administrations prioritize mineral security as a key geopolitical and economic strategy.

In a detailed August 15 analysis, Asher Pascal Johnson writing for The National Interest (opens in a new tab) outlines how U.S.-Africa critical minerals partnerships are being framed as a direct challenge to China’s dominance in mining and processing rare earths, cobalt, lithium, graphite, and other essential inputs for clean energy, defense, and high-tech industries. The piece emphasizes bipartisan backing, citing executive orders from both the Trump and Biden administrations prioritizing mineral security.

The article reviewed by Rare Earth Exchanges (REEx) details extensive U.S. government involvement: the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) financing African mining and processing; the Export-Import Bank (EXIM) backing high-risk market entry for U.S. firms; Department of Energy grants supporting refining hubs outside China; and the Department of Defense using Defense Production Act authority to diversify supplychains.

Diplomatically, the article highlights President Trump’s June-brokered truce between the DRC and Rwanda—framed as a stabilizing breakthrough for cobalt and lithium corridors—and private-sector deals, including BGN International’s DRC export platform and KoBold Metals’ rights to the Manono lithium project. The scope extends beyond the DRC to graphite in Mozambique and nickel/copper projects in Botswana.

Critical REEx Review

While the reporting is rich in project detail, it largely echoes official U.S. policy narratives and gives limited scrutiny to risks of overreach. Potential bias stems from emphasizing U.S. successes while downplaying Africa’s agency and the deep security, governance, and infrastructure challenges that could derail these ambitions. The article underplays China’s entrenched logistical and processing advantages, and glosses over the long timelines and capital demands before African projects can meaningfully shift the global supply balance.  The article does cover the Chinese offer of a zero-tariff deal to 53 African countries announced (opens in a new tab) earlier this summer.

Bottom Line

The U.S. is clearly raising its Africa game in critical minerals (and REEx applauds)—but execution, not intent, will decide if this becomes a real supply-chain reset or a well-meaning diplomatic set piece.

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