Highlights

• The F-47 sixth-generation fighter jet faces potential production delays due to China's control of rare earth element exports.
• China's strategic mineral export restrictions could compromise the United States' advanced defense technology development.
• Domestic rare earth production and alternative supply chains are years away, putting the F-47 program at risk.

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The United States Air Force is betting big on a bold future: the F-47, a sixth-generation stealth fighter jet at the heart of President Donald Trump’s defense legacy. But beneath the ambitious design and AI-enabled flight controls lies a critical vulnerability: the global supply chain of rare earth elements.

And right now, that chain is cracking.

On the heels of China’s recent restrictions on key mineral exports—including elements essential for advanced radar systems, AI chipsets, and low-observable coatings—the F-47 Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) program could be facing a full-blown supply crisis. Without immediate and strategic intervention, what was hailed as America’s airpower future may never take off.  

Calling out dependency on Chinese rare earths while articulating the need for an urgent alternative pathway has been the consistent theme since the launch of Rare Earth Exchanges.

The F-47’s Fragile Backbone

According to Pentagon officials and Boeing insiders, rare earths like neodymium, terbium, dysprosium, and yttrium are indispensable for the F-47’s core systems—from its electromagnetic wave-absorbing skin to the high-heat components in its propulsion modules. With Beijing controlling up to 87% of global REE production, and now weaponizing that control, the F-47 could be grounded before it takes flight.

In President Trump’s words, this jet was designed to be "America’s future security insurance." But as one source close to the program admitted, "It’s tough to ensure anything when your supplier locks the door."

Beijing’s Strategic Strike

This isn’t just about minerals—it’s about momentum. China’s export clampdown comes as its sixth-generation prototype, the J-36, enters aggressive development with rumored AI swarm integration and hypersonic payloads. China is not only countering U.S. defense strategy—it’s attempting to leapfrog it.

By throttling access to rare earths, Beijing is testing Washington’s industrial agility. Will the U.S. find new partners? Can it scale domestic production? Or is America’s defense future beholden to an adversary’s chokehold?

Alternative Supply? Years Away

While there are known REE deposits in California, Texas, and Wyoming, environmental hurdles, permitting delays, and a lack of refining infrastructure mean that domestic production will take years—if not decades—to ramp up.  Rare Earth Exchanges has suggested that even with a full-throttle wartime-like effort, supplemented by sufficient capital and direction from the federal government, the U.S. remains at least half a decade away from achieving resilience.  True, a national treasure trove, MP Materials with the Mountain Pass mine, has announced it will cease shipping ore to China for processing as part of its urgency for independence.

Also, allies like Australia and Canada can offer support, but even they remain tied to China’s processing dominance. 

African and South American deposits? Politically risky, logistically complex, and many are already under Chinese influence.

A Program on the Edge

According to Rare Earth Exchanges’ defense sector sources, delays in prototype testing are already surfacing.  Boeing’s forward contracts are reportedly being revised, and Congress is bracing for a budget surge to find alternative suppliers. Some analysts warn that even a 24-month delay could render today’s designs obsolete by the time they are deployable.

Worse still, if China’s J-36 becomes operational first, the geopolitical implications could be devastating.

Supply Chains Are National Security

Trump’s F-47 may still fly—but the battle for rare earth dominance may decide when, or if, it does. In a world where drones swarm, chips think, and aircraft vanish from radar, minerals buried beneath the Earth’s crust may be as decisive as missiles in flight. But what many in America don’t quite get is that it’s the system, the supply chain, that matters. Not merely access to the stuff in the ground.

Washington now faces a stark question.  Can it build a jet that doesn’t rely on its top strategic rival? The countdown has begun—and the next move is America’s.  With two executive orders—the latest involving six months of study, time is of the essence.