India Courts Malaysia, Ethiopia and Vietnam for Critical Minerals as Great Powers Era 2.0 Reshapes Supply Chains

Highlights

• PM Modi held bilateral talks on critical minerals and rare earths with Malaysia, Ethiopia, and Vietnam at the BRICS Summit
• REEx frames these moves as part of Great Powers Era 2.0, where middle powers gain leverage amid U.S.-China competition
• Vietnam and Malaysia are positioned to climb from raw resource suppliers toward midstream processing and finished products
• No concrete mining, offtake, or investment commitments were announced, signaling strategy over immediate supply impact