China controls the conversion layer across 20 critical minerals. REEx ranks U.S. vulnerabilities from gallium to platinum—and why mining alone won't fix it.
Country Profile
Nigeria
Country
Overview
About Nigeria
A rare-earth refinery needs steady feedstock whose origin it can document, and Nigeria's supply is hard to trace. The country's rare-earth output is monazite concentrate. The Ministry of Solid Minerals Development lists monazite among the minerals possibly present in commercial quantities in several central and northern states, including Plateau and Nasarawa.
The U.S. Geological Survey reports that Nigeria's critical minerals come from artisanal and small-scale miners as well as private companies. In one raid on illegal mining sites in Taraba State, a state task force reported intercepting vehicles carrying a large monazite separator among other mining equipment.
The official numbers are soft. USGS publishes no reserve figure for Nigeria. For a time it estimated Nigerian output from China's import data, then revised the estimate down sharply based on government and industry reports.
Policy points toward processing at home. The ministry has announced that mining-lease applicants must submit a value-addition plan, and federal ministers welcomed the groundbreaking of a rare-earth and critical-metals processing plant being developed by Hasetins Commodities in Nasarawa State. Hasetins says it collects supplementary feedstock from artisanal miners. Whether a plant fed partly by that supply can document its feed is the question buyers will ask.
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