Highlights
- Over 600,000 industrial robots were installed in 2025, bringing global operating stock to roughly 5 million units, all dependent on rare-earth permanent magnets
- China's 2025 licensing requirements for REEs and permanent magnets have heightened supply disruption concerns for robot and servo motor manufacturers
- U.S. policy is accelerating domestic magnet capacity, including Vulcan Elements targeting up to 10,000 metric tonnes of NdFeB material
- Mitigation strategies include grain-boundary diffusion to cut Dy/Tb use, SmCo substitution, motor redesign, and scaling rare-earth recycling programs
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