Element Profile

Yttrium

Element

  • Symbol Y
  • Atomic number 39
  • Heavy rare earth element
Overview

About Yttrium

Yttrium is classed as a heavy rare earth by separation chemistry despite its low atomic number, and it is one of the highest-volume HREEs in use. Red phosphors for displays and LEDs, YAG laser crystals, yttria-stabilised zirconia thermal barrier coatings for jet engine turbine blades, and high-temperature superconductors all depend on it.

The thermal barrier coating application makes yttrium a defence and aerospace material, not merely an electronics input. Turbine blades cannot run at modern operating temperatures without it.

Supply risk is rated medium, but yttrium was among the metals most affected by Chinese export restrictions, with reported prices moving by orders of magnitude. Ionic clay deposits in southern China and Myanmar remain the dominant source.

Properties

Symbol

Y

Atomic number

39

Group

Heavy rare earth element

Density

4.47 g/cm³

Melting point

1526 °C

Boiling point

3336 °C

Crustal abundance

28-33 ppm

Supply Risk

Supply risk

Medium

Geological scarcity

Low

Primary economic driver

LEDs, lasers, and ceramics

Primary Uses

  • Red phosphors for displays & LEDs
  • YAG laser crystals
  • High-temperature superconductors
  • Advanced ceramics

Where It Is Mined and Processed

Producing Projects

Membership Required

You must be a member to access this content.

View Membership Levels

Already a member? Log in here

Companies

Membership Required

You must be a member to access this content.

View Membership Levels

Already a member? Log in here

Found in Products

REEx Intelligence

Recent Articles

Straight Into Your Inbox

Straight Into Your Inbox

Receive a Daily News Update Intended to Help You Keep Pace With the Rapidly Evolving REE Market.

Fantastic! Thanks for subscribing, you won't regret it.