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Canada

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About Canada

Canada holds large rare earth resources and has yet to turn them into steady mine output. For most Canadian projects, the harder question is who will separate the ore once it is mined, and at what cost.

The deposits vary widely. Strange Lake in northern Quebec carries heavy as well as light rare earths. Wicheeda in British Columbia and Ashram in Quebec are both carbonatites, and Ashram's rare earths sit mainly in monazite, with fluorspar alongside. At Elliot Lake in Ontario, the rare earths sit in monazite inside quartz-pebble conglomerate. Each ore needs its own front-end processing, so a flowsheet proven on one rarely transfers to the next.

Processing capacity is arriving ahead of the mines. The Saskatchewan Research Council's plant in Saskatoon is designed to take monazite through separation to metal, and its contracted monazite comes from Brazil and South Africa. Ucore develops its samarium and gadolinium refining process at a demonstration facility in Kingston, Ontario, where Cyclic Materials has invested in magnet recycling. Torngat Metals plans its own separation plant at Sept-Îles for Strange Lake ore.

If SRC's contracts are a guide, Canadian processors may have to commit to imported feed long before Canadian mines can supply them.

Mine Production & Reserves

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Rare Earth Elements

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Mining Projects

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