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Australia

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About Australia

Australia mines rare earths at scale, yet the oxides from Lynas's Mount Weld mine are separated in Malaysia. Building separation capacity at home has become national policy.

The deposits differ sharply in type. Mount Weld, near Laverton in Western Australia, is a carbonatite that sits in an ancient volcanic plug. Browns Range in the East Kimberley carries xenotime-dominant ore rich in dysprosium and terbium. At Nolans in the Northern Territory, most of the rare earths sit in apatite, monazite and allanite. Monazite also comes out of mineral sands as a co-product, and clay-hosted deposits in South Australia and Victoria add another possible source.

Processing is moving onshore in steps. Lynas cracks and leaches Mount Weld concentrate at Kalgoorlie into a mixed carbonate, which then goes to Malaysia for separation. Iluka's Eneabba refinery is designed to treat its own stockpiled monazite along with third-party feed, and Northern Minerals has agreed to supply it with Browns Range concentrate. Arafura plans to separate NdPr oxide at the Nolans site.

Canberra backs the build-out with loans, equity, offtake support and a processing tax offset. The test for those refineries is whether they can run without floor prices and state offtake.

Mine Production & Reserves

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Policy & Regulation

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Rare Earth Elements

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Mining Projects

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Processing Facilities

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